ABC transporters are a group of membrane proteins that play a key role in transporting various molecules across cellular membranes in living organisms. These transporters are present in all domains of life, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in a wide range of biological processes such as nutrient uptake, drug resistance, and detoxification. ABC transporters utilize the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to transport a diverse array of substrates across membranes, including ions, lipids, sugars, and peptides. These transporters are characterized by two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) that bind and hydrolyze ATP, and two transmembrane domains (TMDs) that form the translocation pathway for substrates. Research on ABC transporters has focused on understanding their structure, function, regulation, and physiological roles in various organisms. Dysregulation of ABC transporters has been linked to human diseases such as cystic fibrosis, lipid metabolism disorders, and multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Therefore, studying ABC transporters can provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.